今天找个一个有趣的小代码，python画心形。代码非常简单，只有一行，妥妥的装逼小代码。
涉及到了不少数学知识，需定义曲线函数，然后去调整爱心跳动周期。
源代码如下，感兴趣的伙伴们可以去试试。
可玩的东西还是挺多的，比如改变颜色，添加字幕，打包成exe，然后发给别人
import random
from math import sin, cos, pi, log
from tkinter import *
CANVAS_WIDTH = 640 # 画布的宽
CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480 # 画布的高
CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2 # 画布中心的X轴坐标
CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2 # 画布中心的Y轴坐标
IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11 # 放大比例
HEART_COLOR = "#ff2121" # 心的颜色，这个是中国红
def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE):
"""
“爱心函数生成器”
:param shrink_ratio: 放大比例
:param t: 参数
:return: 坐标
"""
# 基础函数
x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3)
y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t))
# 放大
x *= shrink_ratio
y *= shrink_ratio
# 移到画布中央
x += CANVAS_CENTER_X
y += CANVAS_CENTER_Y
return int(x), int(y)
def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15):
"""
随机内部扩散
:param x: 原x
:param y: 原y
:param beta: 强度
:return: 新坐标
"""
ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random())
ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random())
dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)
dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)
return x - dx, y - dy
def shrink(x, y, ratio):
"""
抖动
:param x: 原x
:param y: 原y
:param ratio: 比例
:return: 新坐标
"""
force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6) # 这个参数...
dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)
dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)
return x - dx, y - dy
def curve(p):
"""
自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期
:param p: 参数
:return: 正弦
"""
# 可以尝试换其他的动态函数，达到更有力量的效果(贝塞尔?)
return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)
class Heart:
"""
爱心类
"""
def __init__(self, generate_frame=20):
self._points = set() # 原始爱心坐标集合
self._edge_diffusion_points = set() # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合
self._center_diffusion_points = set() # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合
self.all_points = {} # 每帧动态点坐标
self.build(2000)
self.random_halo = 1000
self.generate_frame = generate_frame
for frame in range(generate_frame):
self.calc(frame)
def build(self, number):
# 爱心
for _ in range(number):
t = random.uniform(0. 2 * pi) # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口
x, y = heart_function(t)
self._points.add((x, y))
# 爱心内扩散
for _x, _y in list(self._points):
for _ in range(3):
x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05)
self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y))
# 爱心内再次扩散
point_list = list(self._points)
for _ in range(4000):
x, y = random.choice(point_list)
x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17)
self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))
@staticmethod
def calc_position(x, y, ratio):
# 调整缩放比例
force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520) # 魔法参数
dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1. 1)
dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1. 1)
return x - dx, y - dy
def calc(self, generate_frame):
ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例
halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)))
halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2))
all_points = []
# 光环
heart_halo_point = set() # 光环的点坐标集合
for _ in range(halo_number):
t = random.uniform(0. 2 * pi) # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口
x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6) # 魔法参数
x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius)
if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point:
# 处理新的点
heart_halo_point.add((x, y))
x += random.randint(-14. 14)
y += random.randint(-14. 14)
size = random.choice((1. 2. 2))
all_points.append((x, y, size))
# 轮廓
for x, y in self._points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1. 3)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
# 内容
for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1. 2)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1. 2)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_points
def render(self, render_canvas, render_frame):
for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]:
render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0. fill=HEART_COLOR)
def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0):
render_canvas.delete('all')
render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame)
main.after(160. draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk() # 一个Tk
canvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH)
canvas.pack()
heart = Heart() # 心
draw(root, canvas, heart) # 开始画画~
root.mainloop()
要运行这个代码，只需要将代码保存到一个以 .py 为后缀的文件中(例如，heart.py)，然后在命令行中进入到该文件所在的目录中，输入 `python heart.py` 命令即可。注意，你需要先安装 Python 环境，并将 Python 的可执行文件所在路径添加到系统的环境变量中。
